Atmanirbhar Bharat Between Self-Reliance and Global Integration: Rethinking India’s Role in The Global South Under Globalisation 3.0

Abstract

“Every tool is a weapon if you hold it right. We created it. Let’s take it over”

The world's geopolitics and international trade are witnessing a profound shift, making it increasingly difficult for nations to anticipate the next phase of globalisation. Within this flux, the United States under President Trump’s protectionist “MAGA” orientation has sought to recalibrate international relations and redefine the global order, often constraining the strategic space of emerging economies such as India. While recent pronouncements from Washington have generated political, economic, and strategic anxieties in New Delhi, it would be reductive to portray India merely as a victim of these turbulences. India, with its aspirational ‘ATMANIRBHAR’ approach, represents a recalibrated vision of strategic autonomy that has the potential to redefine the global order and emerge as a champion, turning the challenges of the protectionist world order steered by the WEST into a strategic advantage while positioning itself as a Global South leader. 

This paper highlights the opportunities and challenges India is facing in navigating a protectionist world, not only under the influence of policies from countries like the U.S. but also under the assertive rise of China. It argues that Atmanirbhar Bharat is not simply a defensive or isolationist posture but a proactive developmental and diplomatic strategy that enhances India’s bargaining power within international institutions and supply chains. By repositioning itself as a ‘Vishva guru’, India has the potential to redefine the contours of Globalisation 3.0 and emerge as a pivotal champion of the Global South